The History of the Internet: From ARPANET to AI
Internet is a interconnection between multiple computer network all eround the world. Internet is also known as "net" or "GWAN-Global Wide Area Network". In order to connect the internet we need the permission of ISP(Internet Service Provider). ISP is a company that provides internet access to individuals and organizations. The internet is a global network of interconnected computers and servers that communicate with each other using standardized protocols. It allows users to access and share information, communicate, and conduct various online activities.
Internet is described as a connection which is used to share information like storage devices but wired or wirelessly at very high speed with authentication and encryption. The internet shares information according to the protocols like TCP/IP, HTTP,FTp, SMTP,etc. between two computer.It is not controlled by only one person or company instead controlled by multiple organizations all over the world. Internet is everything in our daily life we use social media, online shopping , online banking , learning and many more. It is necessary to know how this Internet came and why we cannot make our own internet alone. We should be able to answer the questions like "What started as a military project now powers AI chatbots and global economies?"The Birth of ARPANET
At initial stage the it was not defined. At 1958 Modem and dataphone were introduced by AT&T. In 1962, the first modem was invented by AT&T. The first modem was used to connect two computers over a telephone line. The first modem was called the Bell 103 modem and it could transmit data at a speed of 300 bits per second (bps). The Bell 103 modem was used to connect computers to telephone lines and allowed users to send and receive data over long distances.
In 31 may 1961, Loenard Kleinrock published a paper "Information Flow in Large Communication Nets" which is the first paper on packet switching. Packet switching is a method of breaking data into smaller packets and sending them over a network. This method allows for more efficient use of network resources and enables multiple users to share the same communication channel.
In 1962, Paul Baran gave a suggestion for transmission of data with the help of using fixed-size message blocks. In 1964, Paul Baran produced a study on distibuted communication. In same year, Leonard kleinrock releases "Communication Net Stochastic Message Flow and Design", the first book on packet nets.
In 1965, the first long-distance dial-up link was established between a TX-2 computer and a Q-32 at SDC in California. Also, the word "packet" was coined by Donald in this year. In 1967, 1-node NPL packet net was created by Donald Davies. For packet switch, the use of a minicomputer was suggested by Wes Clark.
Upto now, Robert Taylor and Larry Roberts were working on the ARPANET project. In 1968, the first packet switch was developed by Bolt Beranek and Newman (BBN) for ARPANET. The first packet switch was called the Interface Message Processor (IMP) and it was used to connect computers to the ARPANET. The IMP was a specialized computer that could receive and transmit data packets over the network.
On 1 April 1969, Steve Crocker released Host-to-Host,RFC #1. The first ARPANET node was installed at ULCA. The first message sent over the ARPANET was "LOGIN" but the system crashed after sending the first two letters. The first successful message was sent from UCLA to Stanford Research Institute (SRI) on October 29, 1969. The message was "LOGIN" and it was sent by Charley Kline, a student at UCLA, to his professor, Leonard Kleinrock, at SRI.
On 3 July 1969, a press was released for announcing the public to the Internet by ULCA. On August 29 same year, ULCA received the first network equipment and the first network switch. CampuServe, the first commercial internet service was founded in same year.